What term refers to the associated meaning of a word beyond its literal definition?

The correct answer is connotation, which refers to the associated meanings and emotions that a word carries beyond its literal definition. While denotation represents the explicit dictionary meaning of a word, connotation encompasses the nuances, feelings, and implications that arise from cultural or emotional contexts. For example, the word "home" denotes a physical structure where someone lives, but its connotation might evoke feelings of warmth, safety, or family.

Diction pertains to the choice of words and style of expression, while hyperbole refers to exaggerated statements not meant to be taken literally. These terms do not capture the idea of the implied meaning that connotation specifically addresses. Thus, connotation is the most precise term for describing the range of associated meanings that a word can evoke in different contexts.