What term refers to the central idea explored in a literary work?

The term that refers to the central idea explored in a literary work is "theme." The theme encompasses the underlying message or the broader concepts that the author intends to convey through the narrative, characters, and even the setting. It reflects the fundamental issues or ideas that are relevant both within the context of the work and in a wider societal framework.

In contrast, "dénouement" refers to the final resolution or outcome of the plot in a story, where conflicts are resolved and the story reaches its conclusion. "Allusion" is a literary device used to reference or hint at a person, place, event, or work to enrich the text and connect it to larger cultural or historical meanings. Lastly, a "couplet" is a pair of rhyming lines in poetry, often used to create rhythm or emphasize a particular idea or theme but does not capture the broader central idea of the work itself.

Understanding the theme is crucial for analyzing a piece of literature, as it allows readers to engage deeply with the text and interpret its significance on multiple levels.