What role does atmosphere play in literature?

Atmosphere in literature is crucial because it directly affects the mood and emotions experienced by both the characters and readers. When an author creates a specific atmosphere, such as one that is tense, cheerful, foreboding, or nostalgic, it shapes how characters perceive their surroundings and how they react to events. For instance, a dark and stormy setting might create an atmosphere of suspense, influencing characters to feel anxious or fearful about what is to come. This emotional layering not only enhances the readers' engagement but also deepens the literary experience, allowing for a more profound understanding of character motivations and conflicts.

While atmosphere can indeed have indirect effects on aspects like plot development or relationships, those are not its primary function. Instead, its most significant role is in sculpting the emotional landscape, which affects how characters connect with one another and respond to their situations.